2024年北京各高中高三年级已经陆续开学!新学期大家准备好了吗?为了帮助大家新学期新气象,以全新的面貌备考。北京高考在线为大家整理了2024北京高考英语定语从句语法总结!希望对大家高中英语答题及备考有帮助。
2024北京高考英语定语从句语法总结
一、基本概念:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which;
关系副词有:when, where, why.
二、关系词的用法:
(一)关系代词的用法:(在从句中做成分)
1. 作主语用who, which和that, 如:
He is the man who/ that lives next door.
The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.
2. 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如:
The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer.
Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?
注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词who,whom,that 通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。
3. 作定语用whose, 如:
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
注:“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose 的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与of which 结构互换,词序是:“名词+of which”,如:
They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which)
He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
4. 作表语只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如:
He is no longer the man that he used to be. ----that做to be的表语
This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
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