3. 现在完成时的常用固定句型
(1)That/This/It is the first (second, third ... ) time... (that) ...句型中,从句要用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次参观这座城市。
It is the third time that the boy has been late. 这是这个男生第三次迟到了。
(2)"That/This/It is the +形容词最高级+名词+(that)从句"中,that从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。
(3)在"It is/has been +一段时间+ since ..."句型中,主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时,从句用一般过去时。
It has been/ It’s 5 years since we last met. 自从上一次我们见面到现在已经是五年了。
It’s / It has been 3 months since the man died. 那人死去3个月了。
(4)一段时间+完成时结构+ since引导的时间状语从句
Two years has passed since I came here. 我来这儿已经两年了。
误区提醒
(1)并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作)
I have worked here for many years. (现在我仍在这里工作)
(2)短暂性动词和延续性动词用于完成时的区别:
延续性动词表示经验、经历;短暂性动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has completed the work. (表结果)
I’’ve known him since then.(表经历)
(3)短暂性动词和延续性动词用于till / until从句的差异
延续性动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……";短暂性动词用于否定句,表示"到……才……"
He didn’’t come back until ten o’’clock.直到十点钟他才回来。
He slept until ten o’’clock.他睡到十点钟。