一.倒装句的考查要点
1.全部倒装
(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。
Look,there’s that bookshop I was telling you about.
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,out等置于句首,主语是名词而不是代词时,用完全倒装。此时,句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There goes the phone.I’ll answer it.
(3)such作表语置于句首时。
Such was Albert Einstein,a simple man but the 20th century’s greatest scientist.
(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“If you die,who will get your money?” asked Holmes.
(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In the center of the square stands a monument.
(6)为平衡句子结构,或使上下文衔接紧密,而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,引起倒装。
Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.
2.部分倒装
在下列几种情况下,只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,构成部分倒装。
(1)little,never,not,seldom,neither,nor,hardly,rarely,by no means,at no time,under no circumstances,in no case等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。
Little does he care about what others think.
(2)在not...until...,no sooner...than...,scarcely/hardly...when...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等句式中。
Neither does he drink nor smoke.
(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only then did I find I had made a mistake.
(4)在so/such...that...从句中,当so+形容词/副词或such+名词位于句首时。
So exhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.
(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时,常用“so/as+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”,表示“……也是……”。
Times have changed and so have I.
(6)当neither,nor位于句首,表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时,常用“neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”,表示“……也不……”。
They couldn’t understand it at that time,and nor could we.
(7)省略if的虚拟条件句,把助动词were,had,should提到主语前面。
Had it not been for your help,we shouldn’t have achieved so much.
(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。
Try as she might,Sue couldn’t get the door open.
(9)“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,通常把may置于句首,构成倒装语序。
May you succeed!