考向二that、which只能用其中一个的情况

1.只能用that，不能用which的情况

（1）先行词是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代词或先行词被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等词修饰。

☞All the people that come from the country work much harder.

所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。

（2）先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、the only，the very，the last等修饰时， 关系代词通常只用that， 不用which.如：

☞The first English novel that I read was Cities.

我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。

☞This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.

这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。

☞This is the only thing that we can do now.

这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。

（3）先行词既有人又有物时， 关系代词只用that， 不用which.如：

☞The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.

我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。

☞The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace.外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。

（4） 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时， 通常只用that， 不用which.如：

☞He is no longer the star that he was.

他不再是过去的那位明星了。

☞Our school is no longer the school that it used to be.

我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。

（5） 句中其他位置已出现which， 为避免重复， 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如：

☞Which is the car that has overtaken us？超过我们的是哪辆车？

2.只用which，不能用that的情况

（1） 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成“介词＋关系代词”结构来修饰表事物的先行词时， 关系代词必须用which.如：

☞The house in which we live is very large.我们住的房子非常大。

☞This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking.

这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。

注意：如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首，which就可换为that， 如：

☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。

（2） 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that.例如：

☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior.

学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。

☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published.

书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。

（3）当先行词指物，关系词在句中作主语或宾语，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用which，而不用that。