03.代词it、one、that的用法与区别
One泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相当于a+名词单数,其复数形式ones前一般要有定语,否则就要用some.
That(those复数)即可指代不可数名词,表特指,相当于the+名词,后面经常与介词修饰语连用。 It指代上文出现的名词,表示同类同物,另外还可表示时间、距离、天气、还可指代人称代词,表示性别身份不明,可作形式主语,形式宾语,引导强调句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get it, catch it, make it.
例如:① I have lost my watch. I think I must buy one.我丢了只表,我想我必须再买一只。(代指上文指到的同类事物,但不指同一个)
② Where is my pen? Have you seen it?
我的钢笔不知弄到哪去了,你见了吗?(代指上文提到的同一事物) ③ The land of China is larger than that of America.
④ Tome has a red pen and a blue one (或two blue ones)
⑤ He has no child, and he wants toadopt one (或 some)
04.虚拟语气
I 虚拟语气在if 引导的条件句中的易错点。
① if my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
② if you had studied hard at school, you would be a college student now.
句子①②都是虚拟语气在条件句中的使用,从句中都是假设过去的情况,所以用过去完成时,但在主句中,句①依然指代过去的情况,谓语动词是would have done,而②中含有一个表示现在的时间状语now, 这样就必须将其理解为假设现在的情况,所以谓语动词必须为would/should/might+动词原形,学生在这一点上经常会忽略now的存在,从而按句①的形式填写答案。
Ⅱ虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
1.在it is important (strange, natural, necessary……)+that 句子或者It is decided (ordered,suggested, demanded, advised……)+that句子中,主语从句中的谓语动词常用(should)+动词原形结构,表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被决定”等
例如:① it is important that everyone (should ) obey the rules all day and all night.
② it is decided that the meeting (should) be held tomorrow afternoon.
2. suggest, insist 后面指宾语从句时需注意的地方
1)①suggest 当“建议”“提出”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形” 例如:He suggested that the work (should) be started at once 他建议立即动工。
类似的动词还有insist坚持,demand要求,desire要求、请求,request请求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建议,command命令,ask要求,advise建议,prefer宁愿等。 这些动词变被动语态(如:It is suggested + that主语从句)形式后,主语从句谓语动词仍用“(should)+动词原形” 这些动词变名词(如suggestion)后,其后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语部分仍用“(should)+动词原形”
②suggest 当“提出(某看法),暗示,启发”讲时,其后宾语从句的动词不用虚拟语气。 例如:(1)The police suggested that the thief might be one of the family member
警察局提出窃贼可能是一名家庭成员。
(2)Her yawns suggests that she is sleepy. 她打哈欠表明她困了。
(3)Although he didn’t suggest that we __ the decision to swim across the river, but his look suggested that our decision __wrong.虽然他没提出我们应该终止游过这条河的决定,但他的表情表明我们的决定是错误的。
A:stop; wasB: should stop; be
C: stopped ;wasD: stopped; should be
在这个句子中,前一个suggest当“建议”“提出”讲,而后一个作“表明”讲,所以答案为“A”
2)①insist作“坚决要求…该…;坚持认为…定要…”讲时,其后宾语从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”
例如:I insisted that you (should) be there on time.我坚持认为你应该准时到那里去
②insist 作“坚持(意见,看法);坚持说,确信”讲时,其后从句不用虚拟语气。
例如:He suggested (that) he heard someone in the next room. 他坚持说他听到隔壁屋子里有人。