六、情态动词
1、need 表示“需要”或“必须”,作情态动词时,仅用于否定句或疑问句中。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to或should 代替。例如:Need I finish the work today? --Yes, you must.
注意:needn't have done“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。例如:You needn't have waited for me.
2、“should have done”表示应该做到而实际上没有做到。例如:You should have started earlier.你应该早点开始。
3、“ought to have done”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。例如:You ought to have helped him (but you didn't) 。那时你应该帮他的(但是你没有)。
4、书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
5、表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。
七、主动结构表被动
有些动词形式上是主动结构,但表示被动的意思。常见的有可和 well, easily 等副词连用的不及物动词sell, wash, write, read, clean, cook等。例如:The cloth washes well.这布很经洗。
八、虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形
1、在动词 arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中用“(should)+ 动词原形”(虚拟语气)例如:We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
2、作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”。例如:We all agreed to his suggestion that we(should) go to Beijing for sightseeing.
九、+to
1、在feel, hear, notice, observe, see, watch, have, let, make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to。但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时,就必须带to。例如:He is often heard to sing the song.
2、不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么,这些介词后的不定式不带to,否则要带to.例如:
-What do you like to do besides swim?
-I have no choice but to go.